Foundation,Basic Medical Sciences/ MCQs/ Beginners

Munib AbbasMunib Abbas April 25, 2020
1: Galactosamine is an important monomer unit of: : :





... Answer is "Chondriotin"
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a sulfated polysaccharide composed of alternating N–acetylgalactoamine and glucuronic acid,found primarily in cartilage tissue.
2: Commonly found purine bases in DNA are? : :





... Answer is "Adenine & Guanine"
The two purine bases are adenine and guanine while the pyrimidine bases are thymine and cytosine. Adenine bonds only with thymine and guanine bonds with cytosine, these bonds forming the rungs of the DNA ladder.
3: An important transport protein in human body is? : :





... Answer is "Hemaglobin"
Hemoglobin is an oxygen transport protein found in vertebrates. ... Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells binding to four oxygen molecules in the lungs and transports them to the tissues.
4: Which one of the following reactions is an example of phase II biotransformation reaction? : :





... Answer is "Glucuronidation"
Glucuronidation is a phase II biotransformation reaction in which glucuronide acts as a conjugation molecule and binds to a substrate via the catalysis of glucuronosyltransferases. First, in a series of reactions the cosubstrate uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA) is formed.
5: Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the characteristics of a particular route of drug administration : :





... Answer is "Inhalation provide slow acess to the general circulation"
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6: An example of structural protein receptor is : :





... Answer is "Na-K ATPase"
The Na-K pump is found on the surface of all animal cells and is a major force in maintaining the concentration gradients of these ions across the membrane. ... In addition to its role as a transport protein, the sodium-potassium-pump has also been shown to act as a receptor for cardiotonic steroid signaling.
7: Which of the following lipid is classified as a Sphingoglycolipids : :





... Answer is "Cerebrosides"
Cerebrosides is the common name for a group of glycosphingolipids called monoglycosylceramides which are important components in animal muscle and nerve cell membranes..
8: Proces through which a DNA sequence is enzymatically copied to produce a complementary RNA is called? : :





... Answer is "Transcription"
Transcription is the first of several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language.
9: The pairing between the purine and pyramidine nucleotide on the opposite strands of DNA are dependent upon? : :





... Answer is "Ester bond of A with T and G with C"
Nucleotides are linked together by the formation of a phosphodiester bond which is formed between the 3' -OH group of one sugar molecule, and the 5' phosphate group on the adjacent sugar molecule. This results in a loss of a molecule of water, making this a condensation reaction, also called a dehydration synthesis.
11: An essential sulfur-containing amino acid required for protein synthesis is: : :





... Answer is "Methionine"
It is a sulpher containing, essential, glucogenic amino acid, required for initiation of protein synthesis
12: An essential amino acid classified as aromatic amino acid is: : :





... Answer is "Phenylalanine"
Phenylalanine is an essential, aromatic amino acid and the precursor of the amino acid tyrosine
13: Glucoronic acid is a: : :





... Answer is "Detoxifying agent in liver"
Glucuronic acid (C6H10O7), a derivative of glucose, is produced in the liver of humans and most animals. It is a highly soluble compound that can bind to substances such as hormones, drugs, and toxins to facilitate their transport around the body.
14: Glucose is best source of energy because : :





... Answer is ""
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15: Which of the following are the examples of long bones : :





... Answer is "Fibula"
Long bones are mostly located in the appendicular skeleton and include bones in the lower limbs (the tibia, fibula, femur, metatarsals, and phalanges) and bones in the upper limbs (the humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, and phalanges)..
16: Sutures are a type of : :





... Answer is "Synarthroses"
A suture is a type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull (cranial suture). The bones are bound together by Sharpey's fibres. A tiny amount of movement is permitted at sutures, which contributes to the compliance and elasticity of the skull. These joints are synarthroses
17: Regarding the histology of glands : :





... Answer is ""

17: Regarding the histology of glands : :





... Answer is "Functional part of glands is known as parenchyma"
The parenchyma is the functional parts of an organ, or of a structure such as a tumour in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs or of structures, namely, the connective tissues.
18: Regarding the lymphoid organs : :





... Answer is "Palatine tonsils are covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium"
Palatine tonsils are ovoid masses of lymphoid tissues located between palatoglossal and palatopharnygeal folds of pharyngeal wall. The superficil aspect of each palatine tonsil is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium which is continous with the lining epithelium of the rest of the oropharynx.
19: A female baby born after full term pregnancy has a mass near sacrum. What might be the origin of such a mass? : :





... Answer is "Primitive streak"
Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a type of tumor known as a teratoma that develops at the base of the coccyx (tailbone) and is thought to be derived from the primitive streak.
20: All the following are derivatives of ectoderm EXCEPT? : :





... Answer is "Cortex of adrenal gland"
The cortex of the adrenal gland is derived from mesoderm, whereas the medulla is derived from the neural crest, which is of ectodermal origin.
21: This of the following is not an event in 3rd week of development? : :





... Answer is "Development of yolk sac"
Yolk sac is developed in the 2nd week of development, whereas 3 germ layers,notochord,primitive streak and tertiary villi are all formed during 3rd week of development.
22: Cells that form the three primitive germ layers are derived from which of the following? : :





... Answer is "Epiblast"
The epiblast is derived from the inner cell mass and lies above the hypoblast. The epiblast gives rise to the three primary germ layers (ectoderm, definitive endoderm, and mesoderm) and to the extraembryonic mesoderm of the visceral yolk sac, the allantois, and the amnion.
23: As the first week bigins, the embryoblast forms. It is called an embryoblast because of the cavity between the inner cell (embryoblast) and outer cell mass (trophoblast). This cavity is called : :





... Answer is "Blastocoel"
A blastocoel (/ˈblæstəˌsiːl/), also spelled blastocoele and blastocele, and also called blastocyst cavity (or cleavage or segmentation cavity) is a fluid-filled cavity or space, in the developmental stage known as the blastula, which in mammals is called a blastocyst. The process of formation is called cavitation, and it begins from cells differentiating, or becoming specialized, and moving to different regions of the blastula
24: For the continuation of pregnancy, the syncytiotrophoblast secretes the hormone which maintain the corpus luteum, that hormone is : :





... Answer is "HCG & Progesterone"
The syncytiotrophoblast secretes progesterone and leptin in addition to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (HPL); hCG prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum
25:The fusion of two bony structures with a ligament is known as : :




... Answer is "Syndesmosis"
The syndesmosis is the name of the ligament that connects two bones of the leg. These bones, the tibia, and fibula are between the knee and ankle joints. The tibia is the larger shin bone that supports most of the weight of the body, and the fibula is the smaller bone on the outside of the leg
26:Number of somatic chromosome is? : :




... Answer is "44"
somatic chromosome - any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; appear in pairs in body cells but as single chromosomes in spermatozoa. autosome. chromosome - a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order; "humans have 22 chromosome pairs (i.e. 44 chromosones) plus two sex chromosomes
27: Umblical cord contain : :




... Answer is "2 arteries, one vein"
During prenatal development, the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two arteries (the umbilical arteries) and one vein (the umbilical vein), buried within Wharton's jelly.
28:The period of embryo extends : :




... Answer is "From fertilization till eight week"
An embryo is termed a fetus beginning in the 11th week of pregnancy, which is the 9th week of development after fertilization of the egg.
29: All of the following cells are of endodermal origin except : :




... Answer is "Odontoblast"
an odontoblast is a cell of neural crest origin that is part of the outer surface of the dental pulp, and whose biological function is dentinogenesis, which is the formation of dentin, the substance beneath the tooth enamel on the crown and the cementum on the root.
30:An example of a synovial joint is : :





... Answer is "Sacro-iliac joint"
Sacro-iliac joint is a synivial joint with gliding movement
31:An example of hyaline cartilage is : :





... Answer is "Epiphyseal growth plate"
The epiphyseal plate is the area of growth in a long bone. It is a layer of hyaline cartilage where ossification occurs in immature bones.
32:Regarding muscle : :





... Answer is "skeletal muscle is a mix of red and white muscle"
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33:Regarding bone : :





... Answer is "trabecular network in cancellous bone is capable of considerable rearrangement with regard to fibre orientation"
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34:With regard to cartilage all are true except : :





... Answer is "All types of cartilage are prone to calcification with age"
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35:With regards to muscle all are true except : :





... Answer is "There are 2 different types of muscle, skeletal and smooth"
There are 3 different types of muscle i.e. skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles
36:With regards to bones all are true except : :





... Answer is "The nutrient artery of the shaft is the main source of blood supply to the bone"
Vascular supply and circulation. In a typical long bone, blood is supplied by three separate systems: a nutrient artery, periosteal vessels, and epiphyseal vessels
37:With regards to joints, all are true except : :





... Answer is "The synovial membrane of synovial joint lines the capsule, nonarticulating surfaces and hyaline cartilage"

38: Lymph capillaries : :





... Answer is "Are blind ended"
The lymphatic circulation begins with blind ending (closed at one end) highly permeable superficial lymph capillaries, formed by endothelial cells with button-like junctions between them that allow fluid to pass through them when the interstitial pressure is sufficiently high
39: Typical spinal nerve is : :





... Answer is "Mixed nerve"
A mixed nerve is a nerve that contains both afferent and efferent nerves. Therefore, mixed nerves function to transmit both sensory and motor.
40: Regarding glands : :





... Answer is "Pancreas is both endocrine as well as exocrine"
The pancreas is a glandular organ in the upper abdomen, but really it serves as two glands in one: a digestive exocrine gland and a hormone-producing endocrine gland. Functioning as an exocrine gland, the pancreas excretes enzymes to break down the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids in food.
41: Which example is false regarding transitional epithelium? : :





... Answer is "Collecting duct"
The epithelium of collecting ducts consist of cuboidal or columnar cells.
42: Which structure is most radio-opaque? : :





... Answer is "Fat"

43: Golgi body is concerned with? : :





... Answer is "Concentration and packing of secretory products of cell"
The job of the Golgi apparatus is to process and bundle macromolecules like proteins and lipids as they are synthesized within the cell
44: Bipolar neurons are found in : :





... Answer is "Olfactory epithelium"
Bipolar neurons are relatively rare. They are sensory neurons found in olfactory epithelium, the retina of the eye, and ganglia of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
45: The lymphatic nodules are absent in : :





... Answer is "Thymus"
Lymphatic nodules (also called follicles) may be present as solitary nodules or in masses forming confluent nodules, as occur in the appendix and the Peyer's patches of the ileum. Lymphatic nodules are prominent in organs such as the tonsils, lymph nodes, and spleen but are absent from the thymus
46: Which layer is absent in tunica intima of an artery? : :





... Answer is "External elastic lamina"

47: Anovulatory menstrual cycle : :





... Answer is "Results from use of birth control pills"
In anovulation, ovaries do not produce fully matured eggs, and there is no ovulation. This prevents periods from occurring. Some birth control methods contain hormones that are designed to stop ovulation and prevent pregnancy"
48: Which feature is absent in Down syndrome? : :





... Answer is "Trisomy of X-chromosome"
Triple X syndrome, also known as trisomy X and 47,XXX, is characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome in each cell of a female. Those affected are often taller than average.
49: The commonest site for ectopic pregnancy to occur is the : :





... Answer is "Uterine tube"
The most common location in the fallopian tube (uterine tube) for ectopic pregnancies to occur is the ampulla (70.0%); other locations, such as the isthmus (12.0%), the fimbria (11.1%) and the cornua (2.4%), are less common
50: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by : :





... Answer is "Syncytiotrophoblast"
Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone produced primarily by syncytiotrophoblastic cells of the placenta during pregnancy. The hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone to maintain the pregnancy.
51: Which statement is false regarding a viable fetus :





... Answer is "Crown-rump length is less than 150mm"
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52: The placenta is formed from :





... Answer is "Decidua basalis and chorion frondosum"
The placenta functions as a fetomaternal organ with two components: the fetal placenta (Chorion frondosum), which develops from the same blastocyst that forms the fetus, and the maternal placenta (Decidua basalis), which develops from the maternal uterine tissue.
53: Fraternal twins may arise by: :





... Answer is "Simulataneous fertilization of two ova"
Dizygotic twins occur when two eggs are fertilized by two separate sperm. Dizygotic twins are also known as fraternal or non-identical twins. They are the most common type of twins. 1 Unlike monozygotic twins (also known as identical twins), dizygotic twins do not share the same genes.
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