1: All the muscles are supplied by femoral nerve except
The psoas major is innervated by direct branches of the anterior rami off the lumbar plexus at the levels of L1-L3, while the iliacus is innervated by the femoral nerve (which is composed of nerves from the anterior rami of L2-L4)
2:The tennis players are more prone to the fracture of:
Achilles (uh-KILL-eez) tendon rupture is an injury that affects the back of your lower leg. It mainly occurs in people playing recreational sports
3: A muscle known for tailor master:
Sartorius comes from the Latin word sartor, meaning tailor, and it is sometimes called the tailor's muscle. This name was chosen in reference to the cross-legged position in which tailors once sat
4:The subsartorial (adductor canal) is located in::
The adductor canal (subsartorial or Hunter's canal) is an aponeurotic tunnel in the middle third of the thigh, extending from the apex of the femoral triangle to the opening in the adductor magnus, the adductor hiatus.
5:The longest muscle of the body is:
The sartorius muscle (/sɑːrˈtɔːriəs/) is the longest muscle in the human body. It is a long, thin, superficial muscle that runs down the length of the thigh in the anterior compartment.
6:Which of the quadricep femoris muscles performs extension as well as flexion?
the quadriceps femoris muscle group act as the main extensors of the leg at the knee joint. The rectus femoris muscle also flexes the thigh at the hip joint, and can simultaneously extend the knee whilst also flexing the hip.
7: Which of the following muscles crosses two joints?
The rectus femoris originates at the iliac crest (pelvis) and inserts on the tibia (lower leg), thus it crosses two joints. The vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis originate on the femur (thigh) and insert on the tibia, thus making them single-joint muscles..
8: The deepest muscle is?
Vastus intermedius: Between the vastus medialis and the vastus lateralis at the front of the femur, it is the deepest of the quadriceps muscles. Rectus femoris: This muscle attaches to the kneecap. Of the quadriceps muscles, it has the least affect on flexion of the knee.
9:It contains peripheral heart?
the soleus is responsible for pumping venous blood back into the heart from the periphery, and is often called the skeletal-muscle pump, peripheral heart or the sural (tricipital) pump.
10: Which of the following has dual nerve supply?
The greater nerve to the muscle is the femoral nerve. Unlike the obturator accessory nerve, the femoral nerve is always present and provides the sole innervation for the pectineus muscle in over 90% of cases. The muscle is also innervated by the accessory obturator nerve in the 8.7% of cases in which the nerve occurs..
11: Iliotibial tract is inserted on?
It originates at the anterolateral iliac tubercle portion of the external lip of the iliac crest and inserts at the lateral condyle of the tibia at Gerdy's tubercle
12: Profunda femoral artery is normally the vessel of supply?
The deep artery of the thigh, (profunda femoris artery or deep femoral artery) is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply (posteriorly) than the rest of the femoral artery
13: The femoral nerve is formed by posterior division of anterior rami of
The femoral nerve is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus. It is derived from the anterior rami of nerve roots L2, L3 and L4
14: This artery is used to record blood pressure in lower limb
Blood pressure measurement in the legs is achieved with an appropriate-sized cuff, applied at the midthigh, and by listening over the popliteal artery. If possible, the patient should be in a prone position
15: Which one is inserted into adductor tubercle of femur:
The adductor tubercle is a tubercle on the Lower extremity of the femur (thigh bone). The medial lips of the linea aspera ends below at the summit of the medial condyle, in a small tubercle, the adductor tubercle, which affords insertion to the tendon of the vertical fibers of adductor magnus
16: The obturator nerve innervates:
Motor functions: Innervates the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh (obturator externus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus and gracilis). Sensory functions: Cutaneous branches of the obturator nerve innervate the skin of the medial thigh
17: A 62 year old woman slips and falls on the bathroom floow. As a result she has a posterior dislocation of hip koint and fracture of neck of femus. Rupture of ligament teres capitis femoris may lead to damage to a branch of which of the following:
The obturator artery gives rise to an acetebular branch that runs in the round ligament of the head of femur
18: A college student receives a severe blow on the inferolateral side of the left knee joint while playing football. Radiographic examination reveals a fracture of head and neck of the fibula. Which of the nerve is damaged
Common peroneal nerve is vulnerable to injury as it passes behind the head of fibula and then winds around the neck of fibula and pierces the peroneus longus muscle where it divides into deep and superficial peroneal nerves
19: The muscle that unlocks the knee joint is?
When the knee is in full extension, the femur slightly medially rotates on the tibia to lock the knee joint in place. Popliteus is often referred to as the "Key" to unlocking the knee since it begins knee flexion by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia
20: An orthopedic sergeon ligates the posterior tibial artery at its origin. Which of the following arteries has no blood flow immediately after the ligation?
Peroneal artery is a branch of posterior tibial artery. The dorsalis pedis artery begins anterior to the ankle as the continuation of anterior tibial artery. The superior medial genicular is a branch of popliteal artery, and the descending genicular artery arises from the femoral artery.
22: Which of the following originate at ischial spine
Gemellus superior originates from the dorsal aspect of the ischial spine and inserts on the medial surface of the greater trochanter. It is supplied with blood by the inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries and innervated by the nerve to obturator internus.
23: Hip fractures, especially in elderly, often do not heal adequately. What type of femoral fracture in adults is most likely to result in avascular necrosis of femoral head
Avascular necrosis of the acetabulum is a complication of an acetabular fracture that can be attributable to both the provocative traumatic event and to a surgical exposure that is undertaken as part of an open reduction and internal fixation
24: Housemaid's knee is associated with the inflammation of which of the following bursae
Housemaid's knee is also known as prepatellar bursitis. It is caused by inflammation of a small fluid-filled sac (the bursa) in front of the kneecap. It more commonly occurs in people who spend long periods of time kneeling. Treatment is usually supportive only and the outlook is generally very good
25: Intramuscular injection is given in following quadrant of gluteal region
the injection is administered into the gluteus maximus muscle in the buttock. The upper outer quadrant of this area must be used to avoid any damage to the sciatic nerve
26: A carpenter fall from the roof.The lateral longitudinal arch of his foot was flattened and displacement of the keystone for the arch. Which of the following is damaged
The keystone for lateral longitudinal arch is the cuboidal bone, whereas the keystone for medial longitudinal arch is the head of talus.
26: A motorcycle rider falls from his bike and gets deep gash that severs the superficial peroneal nerve near it's origin. Which of the following is paralyzed
The superficial peroneal nerve supplies the peroneus longus and brevis muscle. Others are innervated by deep peroneal nerve
28: An elder woman undergo a surgery for intermittent claudication.Following surgery, an infection was found in adductor canal, damaging the enclosed structures. Which of the following structures remains intact
The great saphenous nerve remain intact because it is not in the adductor canal. The adductor canal contains femoral artery, femoral vein, Saphenous nerve and nerve of vastus medialis
29: What type of joint is hip joint
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint: the ball is the femoral head, and the socket is the acetabulum. The hip joint is the articulation of the pelvis with the femur, which connects the axial skeleton with the lower extremity
30: The sacral plexus is composed of
The sacral plexus is a network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and muscles of the pelvis and lower limb. It is located on the surface of the posterior pelvic wall, anterior to the piriformis muscle. The plexus is formed by the anterior rami (divisions) of the sacral spinal nerves S1, S2, S3 and S4
31: Where does the sciatic nerve pass through into the lower limb?
The nerve passes beneath piriformis and through the greater sciatic foramen, quitting the pelvis. From here, it travels down the posterior thigh to the popliteal fossa
32: Ischiofemoral ligament limits?
The iliofemoral ligament is the strongest ligament in the body and attaches the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur. The pubofemoral ligament prevents excess abduction and extension, ischiofemoral prevents excess extension, and the iliofemoral prevents hyperextension.
33: It is a bipennate muscle
The rectus femoris is a bipennate muscle with fibers of the lateral half of the muscle running superomedial to inferolateral
34: The sesmoid bone of lower limb is
These small, round bones are commonly found in the tendons of the hands, knees, and feet. Sesamoid bones function to protect tendons from stress and wear. The patella, commonly referred to as the kneecap, is an example of a sesamoid bone
35: The foot drop occurs because of
Foot drop is caused by weakness or paralysis of the muscles involved in lifting the front part of the foot. Causes of foot drop might include: Nerve injury. The most common cause of foot drop is compression of a nerve in your leg that controls the muscles involved in lifting the foot (peroneal nerve).
36:Which of the following structure does not take part in the formation of the knee joint?
The knee, also known as the tibiofemoral joint, is a synovial hinge joint formed between three bones: the femur, tibia, and patella. Two rounded, convex processes (known as condyles) on the distal end of the femur meet two rounded, concave condyles at the proximal end of the tibia
37:The greater sciatic foramen is formed by
The greater sciatic foramen is an opening (foramen) in the posterior human pelvis. It is formed by the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments. The piriformis muscle passes through the foramen and occupies most of its volume. The greater sciatic foramen is wider in women than in men
38:The saphenous opening is filled with a loose connective tissue called:
The cribriform fascia, fascia cribrosa also Hesselbach's fascia is the portion of fascia covering the saphenous opening in the thigh. It is perforated by the great saphenous vein and by numerous blood and lymphatic vessels
39: The increase in neck angle with the shaft of the femur is called
Coxa valga is a deformity of the hip where the angle formed between the head and neck of the femur and its shaft is increased, usually above 135 degrees
40: Soldiers and joggers after the long marches are prone to the fracture of:
A stress fracture is a tiny crack in the surface of a bone, usually in the lower leg or the metatarsals of the foot for runners. Stress fractures often occur when we increase the intensity and volume of our training over several weeks to several months
41: Which one of the following vein of lower lim is used for venous cut down?
The great saphenous vein (GSV) is the vessel most commonly used for the venous cutdown
42: Ankle joint is which type synovial joint
The ankle joint (or talocrural joint) is a synovial joint located in the lower limb. It is formed by the bones of the leg (tibia and fibula) and the foot (talus). Functionally, it is a hinge type joint, permitting dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot
43: Structures passing through the adductor hiatus include
only two structures enter and then leave through the hiatus; namely the femoral artery and femoral vein. ... The other two structures that are associated with the adductor hiatus are the saphenous branch of descending genicular artery and the saphenous nerve
44: Difficulty extending the knee can result from damage to the
The peroneal nerve supplies both sensation and movement to the outside of your lower leg and the top of your foot. When it's compressed, it becomes inflamed, which causes the symptoms of a pinched nerve
45: Muscle that is not a medial rotator of leg
When acting at the knee joint, the most prominent action of the biceps femoris muscle is flexion of the leg. This occurs when the lower limb is in an anatomical position. In contrast, when the knee is semiflexed, biceps femoris acts to produce external rotation of the leg at the knee
46: The arcuate artery
47: The neck of femoral hernia lie next to the
96.8% of inguinal hernias have their necks above and lateral to pubic tubercle while all femoral hernia had their necks below and lateral to the pubic tubercle. Location above or below the pubic tubercle should be used as the sole difference between femoral and inguinal hernias in clinical demonstrations
48: An elderly woman fell at home and fractured the greater trochanter of her femur. Which of the following muscles would continue to functon normally?
All are inserted on greater trochanter of femur except Gluteus maximus which is inserted on the gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract
49:Which muscle attaches to the lesser trochanter
The lesser trochanter is a small protuberance of bone that projects from the posterior aspect of the femur, inferomedially at the base of the femoral neck. Two muscles insert onto the lesser trochanter: Psoas major. Iliacus
50:Which muscle inserts on the medial aspect of proximal end of tibia
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